成了一个“无情”、不懂情、或者不能对情作出回应的人,或者是一个不需要用情感(比如爱)来对待的人。但是,事实证明并非如此。一个在生理上处于植物状态的病人,一样也能够感受到爱、关怀,当然也就能够感受到相反的如恨、讨厌、忽略等情感。在爱和关怀之下,有可能使一个植物人重新恢复许多能力,但如果是相反的情感,结果就可想而知了。
上面的那些新闻提示我们,在治疗象脑器质性这样的疾病的时候,除了药物和其他躯体医学手段,关爱也是医生可以使用的手段之一。从根本上来说,关爱应该是一切医疗手段的基础。而所有心理治疗共同的基本原则就是关爱。
再看一看英国著名精神分析师Sandler在他的《病人与分析师》一书中的两段话:
罗斯菲尔德(Rosenfeld,1952,1969)指出,从纽伯克(Nunberg,1920)对紧张型精神分裂症病人的移情现象的观察开始,越来越多的精神分析师对弗洛依德最初的观点提出了质疑,他们认为移情确实可以在精神病人身上出现。值得提出来的是,Sullivan(1931),Federn(1943)和Rosen(1946)均属于这些作者。
移情的概念可以合理地运用于精神病人与其治疗师的相互关系方面。甚至最严重的紧张型精神分裂症病人,在理智恢复后也显示出在其患病期间与他人接触的重要感觉痕迹。
如果说紧张型精神分裂症是“最严重的”精神疾病,这样的病人康复后都有“在其患病期间与他人接触的重要的感觉痕迹”,那我们在对待一切精神病人时都要小心了,我们对他们的态度,他们会记住的,并且会对他们产生影响。
有人认为,精神分裂症的急性发病阶段只能使用药物治疗。这也是不正确的。目前世界上有几个国家的精神科医生,已经尝试了精神分裂症的非药物治疗,即所谓Soteria。以下是一篇文章的摘要。
ABSTRACT: The author reviews the clinical and special social environmental data from the Soteria Project and its direct successors。 Two random assignment studies of the Soteria model and its modification for long…term system clients reveal that roughly 85% to 90% of acute。 and long…term clients deemed in need of acute hospitalization can be returned to the community without use of conventional hospital treatment。 Soteria; designed as a drugfree treatment environment; was as successful as anti…psychotic drug treatment in reducing psychotic symptoms in 6 weeks。 In its modified form; in facilities called Crossing Place and McAuliffe House where so…called long…term “frequent flyers“ were treated; alternative…treated subjects were found to be as clinically improved as hospital…treated patients; at considerably lower cost。 Taken as a body of scientific evidence; it is clear that alternatives to acute psychiatric hospitalization are as; or more; effective than traditional hospital care in short…term reduction of psychopathology and longer… social adjustment。 Data from the original drug…free; home…like; nonprofessionally staffed Soteria Project and its Bern; Switzerland; replication indicate that persons without extensive hospitalizations (